Behavioral Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behavioral Analysis - Essay Example It has a PE ratio of 27.9, and there are about 12 stock trade analysts rating Biogen as a Buy neither a sell nor a hold company. Average volume for Biogen has been 2.0 million dollars shares daily for 30 days annually. It has a market cap of 90.8 billion dollars and is a part of the medical sector and drug companies. Biogen stock has a beta of 0.62 and a short float of 1.3 percent with 0.89 days to cover. Biogen shares are up 13.7 percent annually of the close of trading monthly. According to the Street Quant Ratings, Biogen is a rate as a buy and the company’s strength exists in many areas. For example, the solid stock price performance, impressive record of earnings per share growth, and compelling growth net income. Others include robust revenue growth and largely solid financial status with reasonable debt levels by most measures. According to the recent highlight analysis of the Biogen company ratings, influenced by its outstanding earnings growth of 72.77 percent and other vital driving factors. The stock of the company languished by 30.23 percent over the past years outsmarting the performance of the S&P 500 index rating the same time. BIIB irrespective of numerous stock market challenges would maintain despite enjoying fabulous gains in the past year. Biogen Company has recorded significant earnings per share creating improvement in the recent quarter compared to the previous quarter. Company shows a pattern of positive earnings per share growth over a period of two years. In every fiscal year, the company increases its bottom-line profits by the rate of 12.39 dollars compared to 7.82 of the past years. Besides, the market anticipates much increase in the earnings of 16.78 dollars from 12.39 dollars (The Street Wire 2015, p.1). The company depending on the net income growth from the same quarter a year ago significantly outperformed against the S&P 500.The rate exceeded other sectors such as Biotechnology industry average. When compared to the

Healthcare Financing in Italy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Financing in Italy - Term Paper Example At present, Italy’s healthcare system is financed through different measures, although it is primarily financed through general tax revenues (Maio & Manzoli, 2002, p.304). The National Health Fund (NHF) provides the major financing for public health care. The NHF is yearly apportioned to Italy’s twenty regions, which, in turn, distribute resources to the Local Health Agencies (LHAs). Donatini et al. (2001) cited several public and private revenue sources of Italy’s healthcare system: a regional tax on economic activities, general taxation, other regional taxes, users’ co-payments and private financing (p.35). By 1999, private financing sources already made up 33% of the total health care expenditure (Donatini et al., 2001, p.35). This created a more privatized form of healthcare financing, with increasing dependence on private providers and more out-of-pocket payments. Healthcare Administration For Italy, the primary healthcare institution is the Ministry of Health, which oversees the National Health Fund (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). The National Health Fund provides financing for the national healthcare system. The Ministry of Health, via its departments and services, accomplishes five various roles: health care planning; health care financing; framework regulation; monitoring; and general governance of the National Institutes for Scientific Research (IRCCS – Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) (Donatini et al., 2001, p.21). Furthermore, regional governments, through their related health departments, aim to follow the national objectives set by the National Health Plan at the regional level (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). ... Regional health departments are mandated to deliver the healthcare benefit package to the population through a system of local health units and public and private accredited hospitals and clinics (Donatini et al., 2001, p.23). Local health units are geographically-oriented organizations that assess healthcare needs and provide comprehensive care to local target populations (Donatini et al., 2001, p.25). Access and Inequality Issues It is hard to determine access and inequality issues in Italy, because its law states comprehensive healthcare coverage for all their citizens. Mostly likely then, the uninsured ones in both countries are the illegal immigrants, who have to pay for their healthcare expenses through their pockets. Italy aims for a comprehensive public healthcare insurance system but recent deregulation efforts increase private funding and out-of-pocket expenses. Italy has comparable healthcare indicators with Iceland (World Health Organization, 2011). Italy’s regiona l division of average immunization rates shows that total coverage is â€Å"higher in the north than the south† (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). Furthermore, coverage rates percentage for compulsory vaccinations are better than the recommended ones (Donatini et al., 2001, p.61). For instance, the immunization for measles is 75% for Italy and 100% for Iceland (Donatini et al., 2001, p.62). Conclusion In terms of financing, Italy has a government-financing-dominated healthcare system. Increasing deregulation and privatization, however, increases private financing of the healthcare system. Access problems are based on location and socio-economic status. References Donatini, A.,

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study

Risk Behaviours of Cardiovascular Diseases Study Title of the Study To identify the prevalence of ineffective physical activity and unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students; could lead to cardiovascular diseases. Significance of the Research Problem Global Burden of Cardio Vascular Diseases: There are many risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. Some risk factors such as age, ethnicity and family history, cannot be changed. Additional risk factors that can be treated or changed which include tobacco exposure, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy diets, and harmful use of alcohol. In terms of attribute global deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure 13%, tobacco use 9%, raised blood glucose 6%, physical inactivity 6 % and overweight and obesity 5% (World Health Organization, 2012). Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). The number of people, who die from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3 million by 2030 (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised lipids. Cardiovascular diseases and Ineffective physical activity: Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20 to 30 percent increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week. In 2008, 31.3% of adults aged 15 or older (28.2% men and 34.4%) were insufficiently physically active. Cardiovascular diseases and unhealthy dietary patterns: Approximately 16 million and 1.7 million of deaths worldwide are attributing to low fruit and vegetable consumption (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fat and sugar, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods. Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of Cardio Vascular Disease. A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). Risk Behaviors The vulnerable populations of MSc Nursing students are at high risk of developing such risky behaviors that might endanger their own lives. Although, the above behaviors are modifiable but due to shortage of time and increase load of studies, students are seems careless of their diets and physical activity. Purpose The purpose of this study is to look for the two main risk behaviors of cardio vascular diseases among MSc Nursing students. These are: Ineffective physical exercise. Unhealthy diet. Research Questions What is the prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MSc Nursing students? What is the Prevalence of unhealthy dietary pattern among MSc Nursing students? Target Population The target population for this study would be the existing students of, Masters of Science in Nursing of the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design This would be a descriptive cross sectional study design. Key Study Variables The key variables of the study would be ineffective physical activity and unhealthy diet. Operational Definitions of the Study Variables Ineffective Physical Activity Ineffective physical activity can be defined as ‘less than five times 30 minutes of moderate*activity per week, or less than three times 20 minutes of vigorous activity** per week, or equivalent(Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Moderate activity level Your heart beats faster than normal; you can talk but not sing. Examples include fast walking, aerobics class, doing weights, or swimming gently. **Vigorous activity level Your heart beat increases a lot; you can’t talk or your talk is broken up by large breaths. Examples include jogging, running, basketball, or hiking up a steep hill (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Unhealthy Diet: High dietary intakes of saturated fat*, trans-fats** and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish (white meat) are linked to cardiovascular risk (Mendis, Puska Norving, 2011). *Saturated fats found primarily in animal sources including red meat and whole milk dairy products. **Trans fats found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, candies, cookies, snack foods, fried foods, baked goods, and other processed foods made with partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (World Heart Federation Organization, 2014). Hypothesis There is a prevalence of unhealthy diet among MScN students. There is a prevalence of ineffective physical activity among MScN students. Description of the Questionnaire A questionnaire is formulated to test the hypothesis under the light of the research question. The questionnaire comprises of the following three parts. Demographic information: The first part addresses the basic demographic information. The aim of acquiring the demographic information from the participants is to gather a baseline data about the key characteristics of the sample. Moreover demographic variables will be needed to assess the similarities and differences between the participants and characterize them accordingly. A total of 6 items are included in this section. The demographic characteristics included in the questionnaire comprises of name which is kept optional. The other components of this part include age, gender, ethnicity, family history related to (angina, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disorder), use of any medications, language, and family relationships. We make this form with the help of available literature and exclude other points like education level, because it is already known from sample. Physical Activity The second part consists of 12 items modified and derived from the Healthy heart questionnaire, which develops by Colorado Public Health Research. We modified it according to the developing country life style. We adopt the pattern of multiple choice and nominal scale for clarification of analysis (Colorado Public Health Research, 2010). For fulfilling the purpose we include the questions related to WHO definitions and for making user friendly, we have given the conceptual definition of the moderate, light and vigorous exercises in easy English words, and these definitions are also derived from American Heart Association guidelines. Dietary Pattern The third part of the questionnaire comprises questions related to dietary pattern. These questions are derived and modified from American Heart Association and American Nutrition guidelines. The scale includes; more than once a day, about once a day, 2-3 times a week, about once a week, 1-3 times a month, and less than once a month, for accuracy of the data of the nutritional status (Colorado Public Health Research 2010). Assumptions underlying the Statistical tests to be used The analysis of the data would be done through available valid statistical software like SPSS 19.0. For the purpose of analyzing the data three statistical tests would be applied in order to measure different levels of association between the key variables. The demographic information would be presented through descriptive statistical analysis (Beitz, 2008). This would include measures of central tendency like (mean, median and mode) to describe the overall demographic characteristics of the study population. Apart from the measures of central tendency, percent analysis (Beitz, 2008) would be used to determine the presence and overall prevalence of ineffective physical activity among study participants. Also percent analysis would be used to determine the unhealthy dietary pattern. In order to determine the association between various demographic variables like age, gender, height and weight of sample size individuals, univariate analysis would be used while determining that the obse rvations would be independent of each other. Population is normally distributed and assuming the homogeneity among the population variances (Bluman, 2011). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis would be used to examine the strength and nature (positive, negative, inverse, none) of 2 variables of cardio vascular disease. With unhealthy dietary habit, keeping in mind the four assumptions of correlation i.e. the variables should be measured in interval and ratio scale, variables should have a linear relationship between the two, there, all significant outliers should be predicted and removed and the variables should be approximately normally distributed (Beitz, 2008). Effectiveness and Correctness of the Tool Pre –testing of the tool In order to test the effectiveness and correctness of the tool, the tool was pilot tested among three fellows from the MScN students from our class. The tool was distributed for filling the form. The feedback which was received from fellows is quite helpful .While testing the questionnaire; we identified a few components that needed to be modified. Firstly, they identified that in dietary pattern, if we add the instruction that tick the examples mention in bullets so it would be helpful to analyze that which type of ingredient is more common in our population. Secondly they suggest that the BMI should be added in the questionnaire with that feedback we respond that we asked in our questionnaire about weight and height which is equivalent to BMI therefore it was not added in the questionnaire. The feedback was taken as a positive critical reflection and first advice would be incorporated in the final questionnaire for the study purpose. Reflection Overall the questionnaire development was a stimulating and challenging task. The process of questionnaire development in itself is quite difficult as it requires researchers to critically analyze the hypothesis and research questions and formulate such questions that fulfill the overall inquiry of the subject understudy while excluding the unnecessary those details which are not suitable for developing country. In conclusion, the tool development task was a vigorous exercise that would help us to develop an effective tool for our thesis in particular. The pilot testing was an effective strategy to be kept in mind while developing the final tool. Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr. Raisa Gul and Ms. Yasmin Parpio for their valuable support and guidance throughout the process of the questionnaire development. We would also like to acknowledge and thank all the three study participants who co-operated with us and provided us their valuable time and required data to test the questionnaire.

Quest for Purpose in the Novels of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Works of Kurt

Quest for Purpose in the Novels of Kurt Vonnegut      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurt Vonnegut's personal experiences force him to question the meaningless cruelties and conflicting paradigms in life.   As a second generation German-American and a witness of Dresden's bombing during World War II,   he observes firsthand the pointless destruction of which humans are capable (Dictionary 494).   He devotes his works to understanding the chaotic, cruel world he encounters.   According to   Peter Reed, Vonnegut's works feature a "...protagonist in quest of meaning in an absurd world" (500).   While struggling to understand the disordered universe around them, Vonnegut's protagonists attempt to become satisfied individuals by understanding the purpose of human life.    As he probes the chaotic nature of the universe, Vonnegut, according to Ernest Ranly, "...seems preoccupied with genuine human questions, about war, peace, technology, human happiness" (454).   Vonnegut's works show an obsessive desire to answer these questions, and he explores them by narrating quests for order and purpose in human life.   According to Stanley Schatt, Vonnegut "...believes passionately in both the importance of the individual and the need for human love and compassion" (348).   Vonnegut's beliefs become apparent as the searchers invariably realize Vonnegut's truth: the universe is too chaotic to understand, so the secret to order in their lives is simply kindness. In Vonnegut's novel, Galapagos, the narrator, Leon Trout, attempts to understand humanity's cruelty after witnessing the Vietnam War's brutality and lack of purpose.   As a marine in "...a nearly endless, thankless, horrifying, and, finally, pointless war..." (Galapagos 254), Trout struggles to come to terms w... ...nd: A Study of the American Novel in the Nineteen-Sixties.   Yale, 1973.   Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism,   Vol. 3.   Detroit: Gale,1975. Ranly, Ernest W.   "What Are People For?" Commonweal.   7 May 1971, 207-211.   Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism,   Vol. 2.   Detroit: Gale,1974. Reed, Peter J.   "Kurt Vonnegut, Jr."   Dictionary of Literary Biography.   Vol.2: American Novelists Since World War II.   Detroit: Gale, 1978. _____.   "Kurt Vonnegut."   American Writers.   1981.   Scribner's Writers Series. Schatt, Stanley.   "The World of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr." in Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction. Vol. XII, No. 3, 1971.   Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism,   Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale,1973. Vonnegut, Kurt.   Galapagos.   New York: Dell, 1985. _____.   Mother Night.   New York: Dell, 1961. _____.   The Sirens of Titan.   New York: Dell, 1959.

Growth and Development of Brassica rapa Plants Essay

Intraspecific competition is a widely regarded principle mechanism in the structuring of communities and has an influence in the spatial dispersion of organisms such as plants. Knowing this, the authors designed an experiment to observe and understand the effect of intraspecific competition using Brassica rapa, operating under the precept that when the plant is grown in an limited space environment, the plants will grow quickly and will be able to produce offspring in a faster more efficient way. Utilizing a two-treatment group set-up where B. rapa plants were grown in either a low density set-up (2 seeds only) or high density set-up (10 seeds), the researchers found that a low density set-up had several advantages over the high density set up, with plants having higher prop survival and flower production. Thse findings supported the idea that limited space will affect the high density environment, allowing the seeds grown in a low density environment to flourish more effectively. Effect of Intraspecific Competition on Growth and Development of Brassica rapa Plants Introduction Intraspecific competition is a widely regarded principle mechanism in the structuring of communities (Abramsky and Sellah 1982). In fact, intraspecific competition is known to occur between members of the same species competing for shared, limiting resources such as food and space. Further more, intraspecific competition has an influence in the spatial dispersion of organisms such as plants (Mcginley 2008). Scientist have longed tried to determine whether competition exists between or within species and what effect it has on its survivability and reproduction rate. It is a known fact that plants that are grown in high density areas only have one choice: allocate the limited resources and grow rapidly (Siemens,et al. 2002) lest the organism fail to thrive and survive. It then becomes apparent that information gained from this area of study will have significant applications outside of the field of botany. In a time where reforestation and rehabilitation is a major issue, knowledge on intraspecific competition can help shape the success of efforts on plant-life conservation. To further study this mechanism, the researchers developed an experimental set-up that evaluated intraspecific competition among plants. Using space as the experiment’s limiting resource, species of B. rapa were cultivated in two treatment groups and observed for the effects of intraspecific competition. Space is often viewed as a major limiting resource for sessile organisms since taking away another’s space eliminates its ability to acquire food (Vance, 1984, p. 1354). The plant specie B. rapa was selected as the treatment model of choice since the specie is known for being an ideal experimental subject due to their small size, ease of cultivation and short life cycle. The main objective of the experiment was to observe and understand the effect of intraspecific competition on B. rapa due to limited space. The experiment operated under the main hypothesis that when the Brassica rappa plant is grown in an environment with limited space, the plants grow quickly and is able to produce offspring in a faster more efficient way. On the other hand, the null hypothesis for this experiment was that the limited space will not play a role in the growth and reproduction of B. rappa. Lastly, the alternative hypothesis for the experiment was that limited space will affect the high density environment, allowing the seeds grown in a low density environment to flourish. Materials and Methods For the experimental set-up, two treatment groups were created. One group was classified as Low density and was comprised of two Brassica rappa seeds while the second group was classified as High density and consisted of 10 Brassica rappa seeds. Controls determined for the experiment included light source, temperature and water while the considered variables included the biomass of the seeds, the mean biomass of the seeds, the number of pods and the number of flowers each plant produced. The experiment was conducted over a six-week period where data collection recorded the number of survivors per treatment group. The number of pods, flowers and pollinated flowers were also recorded. In the last two weeks of the experiment, treatment groups were harvested and mean height was recorded. The plants were then dried and the roots and forage material weighed to determine biomass. Seeds were then separated. Data gathered from the experiment were treated using t-tests and Oneway Analysis utilizing treatment means and standard deviations. Results After cultivation of B. rapa in the two treatment groups, the researchers determined the following data using Oneway analysis and t-tests. Results showed that the mean probability or survival per treatment were 0. 839683 [SD 0. 267817] in the low density set-up and 0. 732283 [SD 0. 262515] in the high density set-up (Appendix A) revealing a slight survival advantage in favor of the low density set-up. On the other hand, the mean height per treatment were 13. 5956 [SD 5. 33474] and 13. 1550 [SD 6. 63392] for the low density and high density set-up respectively (Appendix B) indicating that plants in both set-up flourished equally in terms of height most likely due to non-competition for light source which was a controlled variable. The mean number of flowers per treatment group was 2. 61684 [SD3. 55681] for the low density set-up and 1. 56520 [SD 1. 72971] for the high density set-up (Appendix C) indicating that the low density treatment group achieved higher performance indicated by being able to reach the reproductive stage more effectively. These values are closely mirrored by the mean number of pods per treatment group which showed that the low density set-up had a mean of 2. 04356 [SD 2. 55931] while the high density set-up had a mean of 1. 68122 [SD 2. 14201] (Appendix D) again reflecting a more successful reproductive course (successful pollination). Additionally, the mean values obtained for the number of seeds per plant were 5. 18258 [SD 8. 53005] for the low density set-up and 3. 65687 [SD 4. 70787] for the high density set-up (Appendix E) further solidifying the idea that plants in the low density group were able to flourish much better compared to the high density group. In terms of mean seed biomass, the low density set-up had an average mean of 0. 005624 [SD 0. 011844] which was lower in comparison to the high-density setup which had a value of 0. 006139 [SD 0. 014367] (Appendix F). The mean root biomass obtained were 0. 028744 [SD 0. 099737] for the low density set-up while the high density set-up had an obtained mean value of 0. 021542 [SD 0. 037141] (Appendix G). Lastly, the mean biomass per treatment group values obtained for the experiment were 0. 063467 [SD 0. 097980] for the low density set-up and 0. 069773 [SD 0. 110127] for the high density set-up (Appendix H). Biomass is supposedly a good measure of fitness or how well the plant flourished since the amount of living tissue is said to be regulated by resource availability, i. e. space (Franco & Kelly, 1998, p. 7830). Discussion Data gathered from the two treatment groups indicated that the low density group demonstrated certain advantages over the high density group. In both the areas of surviving prop [t=4. 555, DF=503. 608, p=. 0001] and mean plant height [t=0. 814, DF=471. 852, p=0. 416], the low density group scored higher on average compared to the high density treatment group. The same can be said in the measures for mean number of flowers, pod and seeds where the low density treatment group also had higher average means in comparison to the high density group. These findings supported the idea that plants in the low density group flourished more effectively in comparison to plants in the high density group. Additionally, a significant difference in the number of flowers produced [t=4. 168, DF= 352. 016, p=

Electronic medical records Essay

Electronic medical records are believed to be the way of the future. Hospitals and other healthcare settings are increasingly turning to electronic records over traditional paper records. However, many still have not made the leap and continue to use paper instead of electronic. Healthcare practices must weigh the pros and cons before deciding which records management system to use. An electronic health record (EHR) is a representation of all a patients’ data; know as a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. Paper-based records are the most common method of recording patient information for most doctor’s offices and hospitals in the United States. The digital information is usually stored in a database and is accessible from everywhere via a network and EMRs contain mainstream data normally found on a patient’s medical records. It contains all information ranging anywhere from a patient’s medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test results that have been combined and structured in a digital form. It allows for an entire patient history to be viewed without the need to track down the patient’s previous medical record volume and assist in ensuring data is accurate, appropriate and legible. It reduces the chances of data replication, as there is only one modifiable file, which means the file is constantly up to date when viewed at a later date and eliminates the issue of lost forms or paperwork. There have been many issues debating if this is a good system, and pros and cons that go hand in hand. Electronic records have many benefits, including accessibility. They are currently the preferred system because of how easily they make it for doctors to coordinate patient care. Accessing electronic records is a lot easier and faster than waiting to receive paper ones. This can greatly speed up doctor collaborations in patient care and perhaps improve the quality of care that patients receive. There are many companies that sell these systems, so healthcare practices can choose a system with an EMR interface and features that best suit their needs. These interfaces can also be coordinated with billing systems for an extra degree of convenience and functionality. The case for medical records is compelling. They can make healthcare more efficient and less expensive. It can also improve the quality of our healthcare system by making patients medical history more easily accessible to all the people who treat them, being a hospital or doctor. The Government has given 6.5 million in incentives and hospitals and doctors have spent billions more. Some complain that the electronic systems are time consuming and designed more for bureaucrats than physicians. Although the health care industry has been slower than many others to replace paper records with electronic ones, some of the advantages of computerized systems are becoming obvious. EMRs translate into better treatment for patient’s efficiency and speed of diagnosis translates into better health care service for patients. Similar to the previously discussed point, correct and timely information can significantly increase the quality of health care service rendered to patients. EMRs can save lives. Improvements to patient safety are found throughout EHRs. For one, drug-drug and drug-allergy checks help prevent unintended reactions to medications. Secondly, photo-enabled EHRs help identify the patient. Thirdly, but definitely not the last one, barcode medication administration checks for the five rights to ensure the right patient receives the right medication at the right time. Electronic health records provide an avenue for better care coordination between multiple health care providers and the patient. Information can easily be shared between the inpatient, outpatient and ED settings. Furthermore, patients are able to more easily access their information, either by receiving an electronic summary of care record or logging into a patient portal. Electronic health records provide the tools to help physicians and nurses make better care decisions. For example, clinical decision support tools, like making medication recommendations based on diagnosis, and built-in clinical pathways, which help guide a hospital through recommended procedures, help ensure patients receive the best, research-proven care. EMRs give patients control over their health records. Based on the principle that since it’s the patient’s medical record, the patient should control it, decide what should be in it, and who gets access to it there are currently many online EMRs available. In spite of the many perks, electronic health records do come with some drawbacks. One major disadvantage is the significant start-up costs. From the technology, including hardware installations and software upgrades, to staff training, the start-up costs of migrating to electronic medical records are significant, especially for a small medical practice or for a large medical network of remote offices. There is a lot of time and labor involved up-front to migrate paper files to a completely electronic platform. Another would be the lack of quality patient time. When doctors, nurses, and administrative staff are unfamiliar with the technology and how a new system works, they often spend more time on it. Or, they may be uncomfortable using it so it will take them longer to execute a task. All this lost time could be potentially spent servicing patients or tending to other mission critical matters. Since electronic medical records, as an industry, is still in its infancy, we have yet to see a standardization of EMR requirements and utilization across healthcare organizations, insurance companies, pharmacies, etc. The problem is when these disparate systems do not synchronize; it results in errors, duplication of efforts, or a lag in time in service. Security concerns are still an issue. While many might think that migrating to an electronic system would be safer, another one of the disadvantages of electronic medical records is vulnerability those systems inherently create. There is still a real concern that no matter how many firewalls, password encryptions, and other security features added, there will be a hacker who can beat the system and potentially compromise and steal personal information. All these concerns can be addressed by potentially partnering with an outsource company that specializes in electronic medical records as they have the technology and trained staff to handle large volumes of patient information. They have also invested the time and resources into the latest equipment and security measures. The irony is that while EMRs were designed to improve communication and increase time spent with patients, they actually have enabled some doctors to engage less with patients because they have much more information before actually seeing the patient. In addressing these concerns, there is one key way to circumvent these and other disadvantages of electronic medical records. Working with a highly specialized electronic medical records solutions provider will assure that best-of-breed technologies, and the industry and operational expertise, is in place. By outsourcing the entire process, your staffs can also then focus on core business areas and foster the company’s service reputation. An electronic medical records partner also best ensures systems integrate with others in synergistic industries, and that the best and most current security mechanisms are deployed to keep patient information inaccessible to those unauthorized to view.

Free Essays on Employee Motivation

Many managers in this day and age are asking the question, â€Å"How can I motivate my employees?† In this paper, I will explore significant factors that affect motivation level of employees and suggest actions that and organization can take in order to ensure a higher motivational level for its employees. What managers need to realize, is that there is a difference between employee retention and employee motivation. The focus on retaining employees is to keep them on the job. But more importantly, the focus of employee motivation is to increase performance. As stated by Kulpa, Adorno & Zeder, P.A. (2001) : In order to increase performance, management needs to set goals and then link the accomplishment of those goals with rewards of value. Money is a reward of value for many employees. Yet, there are as many employees who also have personal goals that have something to do with job performance and career development. Good supervision and motivation seek out personal goals and align them with the goals of the firm. Pay and benefits can possibly contribute to a higher motivation level, but there still debate about the link between pay and performance. Therefore, I will discuss other factors that can be motivators and not to mention can also save the company’s payroll. Recognition can be considered a great reward to many employees. Many consultants, in fact, do agree that recognition may be more motivating than salary in many cases (Kulp, Adorno & Zeder, P.A., 2001). Salary increases or bonuses typically happen only once a year, while recognition could take place every day. Employees become more motivated when they are rewarded everyday, instead of only once a year. An employee can be shown recognition in many ways, whether it is just a simple thank you or it could also be gained through achieving a certificate or earning a free lunch. Job context in general is also a big motivational factor. What employee... Free Essays on Employee Motivation Free Essays on Employee Motivation Many managers in this day and age are asking the question, â€Å"How can I motivate my employees?† In this paper, I will explore significant factors that affect motivation level of employees and suggest actions that and organization can take in order to ensure a higher motivational level for its employees. What managers need to realize, is that there is a difference between employee retention and employee motivation. The focus on retaining employees is to keep them on the job. But more importantly, the focus of employee motivation is to increase performance. As stated by Kulpa, Adorno & Zeder, P.A. (2001) : In order to increase performance, management needs to set goals and then link the accomplishment of those goals with rewards of value. Money is a reward of value for many employees. Yet, there are as many employees who also have personal goals that have something to do with job performance and career development. Good supervision and motivation seek out personal goals and align them with the goals of the firm. Pay and benefits can possibly contribute to a higher motivation level, but there still debate about the link between pay and performance. Therefore, I will discuss other factors that can be motivators and not to mention can also save the company’s payroll. Recognition can be considered a great reward to many employees. Many consultants, in fact, do agree that recognition may be more motivating than salary in many cases (Kulp, Adorno & Zeder, P.A., 2001). Salary increases or bonuses typically happen only once a year, while recognition could take place every day. Employees become more motivated when they are rewarded everyday, instead of only once a year. An employee can be shown recognition in many ways, whether it is just a simple thank you or it could also be gained through achieving a certificate or earning a free lunch. Job context in general is also a big motivational factor. What employee... Free Essays on Employee Motivation WHAT IS MOTIVATION? Motivation is difficult to explain and even harder to â€Å"turn on† in people. Webster defines motivation as â€Å"an act or process of motivating; the condition of being motivated; a force, stimulus, or influence: incentive or drive† (â€Å"Motivation†). It is most often the job of the manager to use motivation to drive its employees to accomplish acts which they normally would not have done. The study of motivation helps managers understand what prompts people to initiate action, what influences their choice of action, and why they persist in their action over time (Daft and Marcic 444). Since motivation influences productivity, supervisors need to understand what motivates employees to reach peak performance. It is not an easy task to increase employee motivation because employees respond in different ways to their jobs and their organization’s practices (Supervision 1998). Motivation is the set of processes that moves a person toward a goal. Therefore, motivator behaviors are voluntary choices controlled by the individual employee (Supervision 1998). It is extremely important to managers and supervisors to motivate employees. Motivators are a collection of learned attitudes and beliefs. They provide an individual with information regarding which motivators are most important to him/her at the present time. There are many attitudes and beliefs. These motivators were identified originally by Edward Spranger and supported in additional research by Gordon W. Alport and Philip E. Vernon (Wolfe 167). Motivators can be flexible and will often change throughout careers and life. As an individual situation changes, the priorities of their motivators tend to change as well. MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. This is easier said then done! To understand mot...

Crisis Management Online Banking Security Breach

Crisis Management Online Banking Security Breach Following the unconfirmed rumors of an online banking security breach two days ago, which uproar in the national press, the company would like to issue this statement that shows the company’s stand. As a company we would like to state that the security breach is unconfirmed and the bank cannot confirm these reports yet. At the issuing of this statement, what is known is that there are reports on the breach but to what extent, is yet to be known[1].Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Management: Online Banking Security Breach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bank’s board of directors is holding meetings and contingency plans are being drawn to try and mitigate the current situation. Communication channels targeted at the various audiences will be specified as soon as the first round of information is obtained. The bank would like to assure its customers that there is no need for fear and that its reputation will still be maintained. Immediate action is being taken to get to the bottom of this and a security audit team is being assembled at the moment[2]. We as a company understand the need for information at this time but would like to ask for patience as we try to work on finding the problem and its solutions. Therefore the bank would like to request for tolerance and patience, and it will do all that it can to ensure that the media receive’s regular and accurate updates. In addition, the bank wishes to run a PR campaign (with immediate effect) to reinforce the brand and to assure customers that they can confidently avail all existing banking services[3]. Intermediate/updating statement We would like as a company to confirm that an online security breach did occur but we are not quite sure to what extent. This comes on the backdrop of our initial statement two days ago that refuted the rumors that were being circulated. We would like to clarify that at that time, th ey were unconfirmed reports and no actual concrete information was available to either confirm or acknowledge the security breach. Despite the initial statement, the negative media attention given to the company, and growing concerns from our consumers, clients, stakeholders and the public as a whole, the company has taken upon itself to get to the bottom of this and find out the exact situation and its implications to the bank’s business and service provision[4]. This statement comes after wide consultations and we would like to allay the fears that are growing among our loyal clientele base, that the bank is still able and will continue to offer the services it has been offering since it begun. To this effect we would like to ask the media and all relevant parties to make a point of attending the press conference scheduled for tomorrow afternoon where more information will be availed to you[5]. At the time of issuing this statement the bank’s board of directors has a lready taken action and initiated a security audit of the bank’s information technology system which although will take time, will help in shedding light to the extent of the breach. Information will be constantly availed as soon as it is gotten and confirmed by the bank.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company would also like to ask the media to confirm any information they have with the company before they go to press with it. The bank wishes to thank all those that are working tirelessly to uncover this breach and would like to assure its customers that everything is under control and that their individual accounts are safe and that any fraudulent activities will be efficiently and effectively dealt with[6]. The press conference The scheduled press conference to take place tomorrow afternoon will focus on allaying fears of a meltdown within the bankin g services. During the press conference a desk will be set up for handling any enquires from concerned customers, and the bank’s customer relations will try to provide as much information as possible. There will be speeches from the bank’s chief executive officer on the situation and actions that have been taken to find out what exactly is going on[7]. There will be a question and answer session at the end of the CEO’s speech that will be handled by the company’s security department. The responses shall be documented and made available to all media organizations at the end of the press conference. To check on misinterpretation of facts, requests for one-on-one questions, should be submitted before the start of the press conference and this will be handled only by the bank’s CEO, who is the only authorized person to speak on behalf of the bank[8]. All attendants to the press conference shall be provided with a press kit that details all the bankâ₠¬â„¢s actions and the information that is at hand. The location of the press conference will be at the bank’s main headquarters, this will help protect the bank’s trusted reputation at all times and work to repair any potential damage caused by the unconfirmed rumors and media publications. Invitations to the press conference will be sent out in advance so that all invited guests are able to prepare themselves. In addition, a follow up will be made constantly by the bank’s public relations division, and more information will be given as soon as it emerges[9]. The CEO’s speech As you are all aware, there are unconfirmed reports going round that we have suffered an online banking security breach resulting to several unconfirmed reports in the newspapers and an investigation being carried out. The security audit of the bank’s information technology system that is underway will take time to uncover the actual situation but I would like to assure you th at we hope to uncover the truth and get some understanding from this phenomenon that beholds us. I would like to emphasize that the bank and all its subsidiaries and the brand as a whole is still and will remain a major player in the banking industry and this situation should not in any way affect your perception of this bank.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis Management: Online Banking Security Breach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a company, it is with absolute confidence that I assure you that this small glitch will have no impact at all on the services provided by the bank. I have confidence in my employees and workforce that things will go on as smoothly as they were before. I would like to passionately ask all our partners, the stakeholders, shareholders, our clients and customers and all that are either directly or indirectly connected to us to bear with us at this time as we try to find out the exa ct situation and its implications. I would like to reiterate that we are not quite sure of the extent of the security breach and information on the ongoing investigation/audit and any other relevant information will be made available through our public relations department to all relevant parties as soon as we have an idea of what we are dealing with. I would like to ask the media not to publish unconfirmed reports before checking their validity with the company first and this way; we will all avoid falling into panic and making rash decisions. With that I would like to thank you all for turning up at this press conference and showing your support. References Goel, S, Crisis Management: Master The Skills To Prevent Disasters. Global India Publications, New Delhi, 2009. Johnston, J, Zawawi, C, Public Relations: Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Allen Unwin, Crowns Nest, 2009. Lewis, GW, Organizational crisis management: the human factor. Auerbach Publications, New York, 2006. Wilcox, D, Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics. 8th ed, Boston, 2006.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes GW Lewis, Organizational crisis management: the human factor. Auerbach Publications, New York, 2006. J Johnston, C Zawawi, Public Relations: Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Allen Unwin, Crowns Nest 2009. S Goel, Crisis Management: Master The Skills To Prevent Disasters. Global India Publications, New Delhi, 2009. D Wilcox, Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics. 8th ed, Boston, 2006. GW Lewis, Organizational crisis management: the human factor. Auerbach Publications, New York, 2006. J Johnston, C Zawawi, Public Relations: Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Allen Unwin, Crowns Nest 2009. D Wilcox, Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics. 8th ed, Boston, 2006. J Johnston C Zawawi, Public Relations: Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Allen Unwin, Crowns Nest 2009. S Goel, Crisis Management: Master The Skills To Prevent Disasters. Global India Publications, New Delhi, 2009.

How to Build the Best Editorial Style Guide in 10 Steps (Template)

How to Build the Best Editorial Style Guide in 10 Steps (Template) As a marketer, creating content that converts readers into customers is key to a successful content strategy. However, if your team has multiple writers, it can be tough to enforce content consistency and  brand standards. This is especially true for team members who have to write content, but arent writers by trade. So, how do you maintain a consistent voice across all the content your company creates? The answer starts with a strong editorial style guide.   Theyre the holy grail of writers guidelines, making it easy for everyone to understand your organizations voice, style, and tone. They also answer questions around formatting, appropriate usage of branded terms, and more. When every writer on your team is equipped with one, theyll be prepared to execute content that better reinforces your brand. In this post, youll learn everything you need to know about creating one that work. Table of Contents: Free Template Definition Examples Why Should Marketers Use Style Guides? Step 1. Start With the AP Style Guide Step 2. Create Guidelines For Voice, Tense, and Point of View Step 3. Translate Jargon Into Customer-Friendly Language Step 4. Explain Best Practices for Different Formats and Content Types Step 5. Identify How Branded Terms Must Be Spelled and Formatted Step 6. Define Your Brand Voice and Tone Step 7. Establish Standards of Performance Step 8. Establish Formatting Guidelines Step 9. Set Photo Guidelines Step 10. Define Guidelines for Visual Design Elements What Is ?: is the best editorial calendar platform to keep content marketing teams organized. Curious how we can help your team plan, publish, and measure content more effectively? Start here. Download Your Style Guide Template One reason companies dont bother creating style guides is because they take time. Eliminate that excuse with this free template. Download it now, then use this post to learn how to complete each section. By the time youre done, youll have a complete copy you can share with your organization.This Is How To Create A Style Guide Your Team Will Actually Use (+Free Template) What is a Content Style Guide, Anyway? For the purposes of this post, here's the definition we'll work with: A content style guide is a  document  that outlines the expectations and brand standards that every piece of content needs to meet. This should describe everything from grammar and spelling to design elements, like proper header use and logo placement. What Does a Style Guide Look Like? If you’re looking for even more information on how to build your style guide, check out the following 15 examples. MailChimp University of North Carolina Spotify Urban Outfitters Buzzfeed Drupal National Geographic Envatotuts+ Epic Content Marketing A List Apart Mozilla Google Developers GitHub Open Table FrontifyWhy Are Style Guides Important For Marketers? Style guides aren’t just for designers. They can help all content creators achieve the following: Understanding your standards of performance. What should every piece you publish include? Keep content consistent. This includes proper usage of branded terms, text formatting, and more. Learn how to write with your brand's voice. Your company should sound like your company, no matter who is writing the content. Above all, they help editors and managers save time reworking writer's content by setting clear expectations up front. Step 1. Consider Following AP Style If you ever took a journalism class, you're probably familiar with AP style. But, did you know there are other style books you can follow, too? Brands, like publishers, often base portions of their style guides on AP style. Consider ordering a copy for your office. Template Action Item: If you choose to use AP Style, drop links to external resources on AP style. Here's one from Purdue OWL, and another from Lake Sumter State College. Step 2. Establish Guidelines for Tense, Voice, and Point of View Even the best writers can use reminders on basic aspects of writing well. For team members who aren't writers by trade, including some general tips can help them avoid mistakes, too. General best practices should center around three writing elements: Tense: Should content be written in past, present, or future tense? Voice: While most writing should be in active voice, is passive voice acceptable for your brand in certain circumstances? Point of View: Should writers use first, second, or third-person perspective when writing as your company? Recommended Reading: How to Create a Marketing Strategy That Will Skyrocket Your Results By 9,360% Understanding When to Use Active Voice  vs. Passive Voice Most content should be written in active voice. However, there are times when passive voice may be preferable. In order to use the correct voice, though, it's important to understand the difference between active and passive voice. (For clarification, this isn't referring to brand voice. That will be touched on later.) Active Voice:  When using active voice, the sentence's subject performs an action. Ex: makes great software. Passive Voice:  When using passive voice, an action is applied retroactively to the subject. Ex: The great software is made by . In the active voice example,  the subject comes first, followed by a verb. This differs from the passive voice example, where  the action comes first, followed by the subject.   Hear the difference? Active voices sounds much more fluid, while passive voice sounds formal. Past vs. Present vs. Future Tense Tenses tell readers when something will occur, or when it happened in the past. There are three tenses, each with four tense subcategories. Present Tense Present tense is an unchanging, repeated, or reoccurring action that exists right now. Present Tense Subcategories: Simple Present: The preferred use of present tense. It uses the least amount of words of all of the other forms, and is best for crafting clear and concise messaging. Present Progressive:  Indicates an action is ongoing that happens at the same time someone writes the statement. Present Perfect: An action that happens at an indefinite time in the past or begins in the past and continues to the present. Present Perfect Progressive: An action that begins in the past, continues to the present and may continue into the future. Past Tense Past tense expresses an action that starts and ends at a previous point in time. Past Tense Subcategories: Simple Past:   This is the preferred use of past tense. Like simple present tense, it is the least wordy of all the past tense sub-categories and is preferred because of its ability to be clear and concise. Past Progressive: An ongoing action that happens in the past at the same time as another action. Past Perfect: An action that happens in the past before another past action. Past Perfect Progressive: An action that begins in the past and ends before another action occurs. Future Tense Future tense expresses an action that occurs in the future. It is recommended that writers avoid writing in this style when they create content for potential customers. Future Tense Subcategories: Simple Future: As with the other two tenses, simple future is the preferred use of the tense as it is the least wordy and can be the most concise. Future Progressive: Indicates an ongoing action that happens in the future. Future Perfect: An action that happens in the future before another future action. Future Perfect Progressive: A future ongoing action that begins in the future before another future action. Point of View Point of view refers to the perspective the author assumes when writing. The Three Points of View: First Person: The speaker refers to themselves/itself. Ex: I get organized with . Second Person: The speaker addresses the reader directly. Ex: You can get organized with . Third Person/em: The speaker refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. Ex: helps marketers get organized. Template Action Item: Under the General Writing Best Practices header record the following information: Decide whether you will write in active or passive voice.  Explain when (or if) using active or passive voice is acceptable in your content. Teach writers how to choose between tenses. Show examples of different tenses and when to use each one. Choose a POV. Choose your POV and explain why content should be written in that POV. Include example text.Step 3. Translate Jargon Into Customer-Friendly Language Next, your style guide should explain how to translate jargon into conversational language customers will understand. Every company and industry uses some type of jargon. This could include acronyms, shorthand that refers to products, or terms you use internally (that most people wouldn't understand out of context). List common pieces of jargon and internal language, and offer better alternatives to use in content and copy instead. For example, a hybrid car manufacturer might use the term, "advanced technology-partial zero emission vehicle". What a mouthful, right? A car shopper might better understand "hybrid car" or "natural gas engine." Template Action Item:  Underneath The Internal Jargon Translations header: Record each piece of jargon that comes up in your customer-facing content on the left-hand side of the chart. Record the customer friendly translation of said jargon on the right-hand side of the chart. Add rows based on the number of terms that your writers will frequently come across. Step 4. Explain Writing Best Practices for Different Formats and Content Types The next piece of your style guide revolves around choosing and outlining expectations for the types of content your marketing team will create. There are many different types of content that you can choose to create. Some common content types include: Blog Posts Case Studies Infographics Podcasts Video Scripts Social Posts Website Content Email Now, you may have different style standards for different types of content. For example, social media posts would likely follow different best practices than video scripts. Take a look at MailChimp's style guide. They offer specific writing recommendations for numerous different channels and content types: Follow their lead with your own style guide. Include each type of content your team creates. Step 5. Identify How Branded Terms Must Be Spelled and Formatted Another section of your style guide should identify brand names, trademarks, and so forth that must be spelled a specific way every single time it is mentioned. Sometimes, this may have legal ramifications, like when you're using trademarked terms. Take a look at this example from Microsoft.com: Note that both Intel and Core feature different legal trademark symbols. Failure to get these right could result in a letter from Intel's lawyers. Here's another example from the same page: Note that PixelSense is written not only with a trademark symbol, but with a capital S. This is likely a branding consideration the company wants to keep consistent. If you have any branded terms that need to be spelled or formatted a certain way, whether for legal or stylistic reasons, document them in your style guide. Template Action Item: Under the Brand Terminology header, record each branded term your content uses in the chart in your template. If your company has a large number of products, consider including only those that writers will need to reference most often. Step 6. Define Your Brand Voice and Tone The next part of your style guide should explain the voice, tone, and style that your branded content should take. What is Brand Voice? Brand voice is the purposeful and consistent personification, or characterization of a brand often expressed through words, tone, and culture. As a marketer, it’s important to bring across this voice at all times, whether that be through content or any other media form. You may already have your brand voice figure out, but if you don’t try a brainstorming session with the following framework: We are [insert desired perception], but we are not [insert antonym of desired perception]. For example, if we were doing a brand voice session for a major software company, it might look something like: We are professional but not stuffy. We are smart but not arrogant. We are technology savvy but not inaccessible. Repeat this process 15 to 20 times. Then, choose four or five pairings that best fit your brand voice, and record them in your template.

The Role of Faith in the Aspirations for a Healthcare Position Essay

The Role of Faith in the Aspirations for a Healthcare Position - Essay Example For a person who does not like to absorb a great deal of risk when making important long-term decisions, the healthcare industry also provides for lucrative and sustainable employment. The role of faith in my aspirations for a healthcare position is substantial. I endeavour to live my life by God’s established principles, recognizing humility when appropriate and responding to others using the Golden Rule. Galatians 5: 22-25 speaks of allowing the Holy Spirit to control our lives, which will help us to carry positive fruits of kindness, goodness, and patience that will benefit those who rely on competent and empathetic healthcare practitioners and policy-makers. I am also inspired by Proverbs 22:1, which states the following principle by which I am strongly motivated: â€Å"A good name is to be chosen rather than great riches, loving favour rather than silver and gold† (Bible Gateway, 1982). The health care industry, for an individual that abides by the Holy Spirit and believes in the teachings of servitude offered by Jesus Christ, offers opportunities to gain the favour of the Lord and of those who are emotionally or physically impacted. Though I recognize the financial benefits of this career path, it is not my first motivation; recognizing that this field provides a high volume of opportunities to improve social welfare, I expect to receive the Lord’s great riches in the form of carrying a good name founded on sensitive healthcare obedience.

Water quality mix model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Water quality mix model - Essay Example 3. (1/2 mark) Convert the concentrations to meq/L and calculate the total meq/L of cations (positive) and anions (negative) and calculate the â€Å"Charge balance error†. Does the CBE indicate an accurate analysis or should another sample be analysed by the laboratory? 4. (3 marks) Assume that the â€Å"mine void† or V water is a mix of water from the coal seam C and an unknown source X. In the example with available data from a long wall coal mine, water X could be S (sandstone roof) or water X could be F (freshwater). The mix proportion M could be from 0.01 to 0.99. Several water mix scenarios might be physically possible. 6. (1/2 mark) Using the ANZECC guidelines, find the guideline value for Zinc for 95% protection of fresh water aquatic species. Which of the above mix scenarios complies with this guideline value if the waters from the coal seam void were to be pumped and discharged to a river? The following geochemical model results are presented for a PHREEQC model of a water mix from 19% fresh rain and 81% of â€Å"C† coal seam. PHREEQC predicts that the pH of the mixed water is 7.2. Examine these extracts from the output file and answer the questions following. 5. (2 marks) Install PHREEQC following instructions in the appendix that follows. Run PHREEQC using the mix input file provided and then edit the mix input file for the scenario in Question 4b) above where X = F (freshwater) based on TDS. For the mixed water result, what is the pH, major ion, zinc concentration and zinc speciation? Prepare a brief critical review that describes options for mitigating the effects of discharging salt and metals on the river using a variety management options. Concentrations for example may involve source and discharge controls, geochemical attenuation, physical structures and treatment. It is vital to maintain the rain water with the aid of the LID (Low Impact Development techniques) like ‘green roof’. These assist in the jurisdiction of

Hw Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hw - Assignment Example Growth in a company creates an important, enthusiastic corporation where individuals see genuine opportunity. At the same time, the management must be careful not to solely make growth its main objective but rather should focus on profitable growth. The main responsibility of marketing is to achieve profitable growth for the company. Marketing must recognize, evaluate and select market opportunities and strategize on how to achieve things. Product-market expansion grid is one of the devices for identifying growth opportunities. There are four strategies one for each and every quadrant in the grid (Yim Hee: 76). The grid has two dimensions which are product and market dimensions. Four growth strategies can be formed from these two dimensions. They include: This is a risky strategy this is because there is inadequate scope for utilizing current expertise or realizing economies of scale especially when you are trying to sell entirely different services or products to different customers. Its main strength is that one business is unlikely to be affected incase one business suffer from adverse circumstances (Yim Hee:

Family Pet German Sherpard named Sam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Pet German Sherpard named Sam - Essay Example This is his flag signaling friendship. This black merges with the soft brown that covers the rest of his body, and enhances his sharp white teeth set in strong jaws, his black button eyes, and long pink tongue. The black eyes seem to sparkle each time he sees a family member, and the long pink tongue is extended as if to extend a warm greeting. Sam’s majestic â€Å"WOOF† is typical of his specie: strong and commanding. It is a wake-up call. The lieutenant calls all to attention; and if you were a stranger, or someone who is easily scared, then you would be forced to freeze into the poster of a soldier on parade. Sam rests by lying down, almost absorbed into the carpet, doormat, chair, or any area that allows him to comfortably blend his soft body, stretching his long, sturdy front legs out in front, and resting his large well shaped head on them. Many times he sits on his equally well- built hind legs and assumes a stately air. This is when he demands that the tiny white spot on his chest, like a lone star, is noticed and get stroked. He keels over like a boat on the ocean. He rolls himself into a fluffy black and brown ball, and whimpers with pleasure. His huge well- manicured paws, showing soft brown padding, reach out to you to return the favor. At these times, Sam is famous for letting out low happy growls that seem like chuckles, and sometimes like spoken words. By scientific standards, Sam has reached midlife but this definitely does not show because his behaviour brings out the youth in him. He is only six years old, and still going strong. He has the energy of a typical child of this age. He is worth his weight in gold, weighing fifty kilograms and showing no signs of fat. He is a healthy dog that is quite friendly with members of the family, both expecting and allowing each person to spend time with him exchanging a handshake, rubbing his head, or being

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System Essay

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System - Essay Example Sam Spade and Sherlock Holmes, the main detective characters in The Maltese Falcon and A Study in Scarlet respectively, are strangers in the formal legal system, but proved to be successful in solving the puzzles behind mysterious cases that they were assigned. Aside from their status as private citizens acting as detectives, their keen eyes for details and a healthy dose of skepticism proved to be a perfect mix in their ability to solve cases. Sam Spade, a detective who is known for his scornful derision and passion for his work, had solved a mystery case regarding the death of his comrade, Archer and an initial target of their mission, an Englishman named Thursby. Thursby’s and Archer’s deaths remained a mystery even for Spade himself because he did not fully know Miss Wonderly, the woman who hired his and Archer’s services using a faked story. At the course of the novel, the mystery was revealed when Wonderly, whose real name is Brigid O’Shaughnessy, killed Thursby herself. Initially, Spade was suspected as the culprit of Thursby’s death according to law enforcers. He calmly denied, but not vehemently, and continued to engage in undercover activities himself in order to solve the puzzle. It is in this case that being an outside agent from the formal legal system can assure a success in solving crimes because one no longer has to go through a strict organizational policies and protocols. Spade did some meet-ups with the people involved in the crime, and monetary amounts are not always questioned in terms of its moral value and appropriateness under the laws in a legal system (Hammett). Sherlock Holmes also proves to be successful in his job being a consulting detective.

Art History from the Orientalizaing period to the Hellenistic Essay

Art History from the Orientalizaing period to the Hellenistic - Essay Example Nonetheless, the Greek sculptures were presented in nude form. The male sculptures created in this age illustrated no stress on the anatomy of the bone and muscle. This was clearly obvious by the lack of details around the joints, in the knees and also in the arms. Another central trait of the early Greek sculpture was the lack of movement natural stance in the figure. A perfect case in point of an Orientalizing period sculpture is the Kouros, one of the earliest life-size statuary in Greek art history (Palagia 109-111). Unlike contemporary sculptures, the slim waste of the Kouros and its pointed arch of its rib cage create a ridge that takes the form of a v shape. The Kouros does not portray the moving flesh linked with the human body muscle. Similar to other early Greek sculptures, the artwork has almost no motion depiction since the figures are usually standing straight and still. As time passed, the Greeks began to attain more skills and improved techniques permitting them to represent the human body in a better way. On the classical period era arrival, Greek sculptors now had the ability to make the figures more naturalistic. The nude male sculptures were now portrayed in a variety of diverse poses. In the classical period, sculptors devoted a significant part of their focus to exploiting the decorative potentialities of the wind-blown style of interpreting drapery. The Parthenon pediments sculptors had developed this drapery. The two most frequently used materials during the classical period were marble and bronze. However, various grandiose works mostly cult statues were ordered in a method that was known as chryselephantine. The flesh was overlaid with ivory upon a wooden frame and the drapery with gold. It was during this era that artists became acknowledged for their works (Green 6). For instance, Polyclitus, one of the most Greek sculpture influential theorists argued that a figure should possess ideal proportions. He also

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System Essay

Private Detectives and the Present Legal System - Essay Example Sam Spade and Sherlock Holmes, the main detective characters in The Maltese Falcon and A Study in Scarlet respectively, are strangers in the formal legal system, but proved to be successful in solving the puzzles behind mysterious cases that they were assigned. Aside from their status as private citizens acting as detectives, their keen eyes for details and a healthy dose of skepticism proved to be a perfect mix in their ability to solve cases. Sam Spade, a detective who is known for his scornful derision and passion for his work, had solved a mystery case regarding the death of his comrade, Archer and an initial target of their mission, an Englishman named Thursby. Thursby’s and Archer’s deaths remained a mystery even for Spade himself because he did not fully know Miss Wonderly, the woman who hired his and Archer’s services using a faked story. At the course of the novel, the mystery was revealed when Wonderly, whose real name is Brigid O’Shaughnessy, killed Thursby herself. Initially, Spade was suspected as the culprit of Thursby’s death according to law enforcers. He calmly denied, but not vehemently, and continued to engage in undercover activities himself in order to solve the puzzle. It is in this case that being an outside agent from the formal legal system can assure a success in solving crimes because one no longer has to go through a strict organizational policies and protocols. Spade did some meet-ups with the people involved in the crime, and monetary amounts are not always questioned in terms of its moral value and appropriateness under the laws in a legal system (Hammett). Sherlock Holmes also proves to be successful in his job being a consulting detective.

The State of Occupational Injury Management in Our Organization Essay Example for Free

The State of Occupational Injury Management in Our Organization Essay

Economies of Scale Economies of Scope in long run

Economies of Scale Economies of Scope in long run Paridhi Gupta Introduction Economies all about cost effectiveness. The term Scale is all about the benefits gained by the production of large volume of a product. The term scope is linked to the benefits gained by producing a wide variety of products by efficiently utilizing to same operations. What are Economies of Scale? The term economies of scale refers to a situation where the cost of producing one unit of a good or service decreases as the volume of production increases. Economies of scale arise when the cost per unit falls as output increases. Economies of scale are the main advantage of increasing the scale of production. Examples:- Table 1 Assume each unit of capital = Rs.5, Land = Rs.8 and Labour = Rs.2 Calculate TC and then AC for the two different ‘scales’ (‘sizes’) of production facility AC = TC / Q TABLE 2 Doubling the scale of production (a rise of 100%) has led to an increase in output of 200% therefore cost of production PER UNIT has fallen Don’t get confused between Total Cost and Average Cost Overall ‘costs’ will rise but unit costs can fall Classification of Economies of Scale: Marshall made a differentiating concepts of internal and external economies of scale. That is that when costs of input factors of production go down, it is a positive externality for all the firms in the market place, outside the control of any of the firms. Internal Economies of Scale Internal economies of scale relate to the lower unit costs a single firm can obtain by growing in size itself. This means that the internal economies are exclusively available to the expanding firm. Internal economies of scale may be classified under the following categories. Bulk- buying economies As businesses grow they need to order larger quantities of production inputs. For example, they will more raw materials. As the order value increases, a business obtains more bargaining power with suppliers. It may be able to obtain discounts and lower prices for the raw materials. Technical economies Businesses with large-scale production can use more advanced machinery (or use existing machinery more efficiently). This may include using mass production techniques, which are a more efficient form of production. A larger firm can also afford to invest more in research and development. Financial economies Many small businesses find it hard to obtain finance and when they do obtain it, the cost of the finance is often quite high. This is because small businesses are perceived as being riskier than larger businesses that have developed a good track record. Larger firms therefore find it easier to find potential lenders and to raise money at lower interest rates. Marketing economies Economies in marketing arise from the large –scale purchase of raw materials and other material inputs and large scale selling of the firm’s own product. Every part of marketing has a cost – particularly promotional methods such as advertising and running a sales force. Many of these marketing costs are fixed costs and so as a business gets larger, it is able to spread the cost of marketing over a wider range of products and sales – cutting the average marketing cost per unit. Managerial economies As a firm grows, there is greater potential for managers to specialise in particular tasks (e.g. marketing, human resource management, finance). Specialist managers are likely to be more efficient as they possess a high level of expertise, experience and qualifications compared to one person in a smaller firm trying to perform all of these roles. External economies of scale External economies of scale occur when a firm benefits from lower unit costs as a result of the whole industry growing in size. External economies accrue to the expanding firms from advantages arising outside the firm e.g. in the input markets. The main types are: Transport and communication As an industry establishes itself and grows in a particular region, it is likely that the government will provide better transport and communication links to improve accessibility to the region. This will lower transport costs for firms in the area as journey times are reduced and also attract more potential customers. For example, an area of Scotland known as Silicon Glen has attracted many high-tech firms and as a result improved air and road links have been built in the region. Training and education becomes more focused on the industry Universities and colleges will offer more courses suitable for a career in the industry which has become dominant in a region or nationally. For example, there are many more IT courses at being offered at colleges as the whole IT industry in the UK has developed recently. This means firms can benefit from having a larger pool of appropriately skilled workers to recruit from. Other industries grow to support this industry A network of suppliers or support industries may grow in size and/or locate close to the main industry. This means a firm has a greater chance of finding a high quality yet affordable supplier close to their site. The long run average cost curve (LRAC) The long run average cost curve (LRAC) is known as the ‘envelope curve’ and is usually drawn on the assumption of their being an infinite number of plant sizes – hence its smooth appearance in the next diagram below. The points of tangency between LRAC and SRAC curves do not occur at the minimum points of the SRAC curves except at the point where the minimum efficient scale (MES) is achieved. If LRAC is falling when output is increasing then the firm is experiencing economies of scale. For example a doubling of factor inputs might lead to a more than doubling of output. Economies of scope Economies of scope is a term that refers to the reduction of per-unit costs through the production of a wider variety of goods or services. Many firms produce more than one product. Sometimes, a firm’s products are closely linkes to one another. An automobile company, for instance, produces automobiles and trucks, a chicken farm produces poultry and eggs. At other times, firms produce physically unrelated products. In both caes, however, a firm is likely to enjoy production or cost advantages when it produces two or more products. These advantages could result from the joint use of inputs or production facilities, joint marketing programs, or possibly the cost savings of a common administration. Example of Economies of Scope McDonalds can produce both hamburgers and French fries at a lower average cost than what it would cost two separate firms to produce the same goods. This is because McDonalds hamburgers and French fries share the use of food storage, preparation facilities, and so forth during production. Difference between economies of scale and economies of scope Mergers and Acquisitions Mergers are basically combining of two business entities under common ownership. Two companies legally become one. All assets and liabilities being merged out of existence become assets and liabilities of surviving company. Under acquisitions one firm buys the assets or shares of another. Acquired company becomes subsidiary of purchasing company. Different Types of Mergers A horizontal merger This kind of merger exists between two companies who compete in the same industry segment. A vertical merger Vertical merger is a kind in which two or more companies in the same industry but in different fields combine together in business. Co-generic mergers Co-generic merger is a kind in which two or more companies in association are some way or the other related to the production processes, business markets, or basic required technologies. Conglomerate Mergers Conglomerate merger is a kind of venture in which two or more companies belonging to different industrial sectors combine their operations Different Types of acquisitions Friendly acquisition Both the companies approve of the acquisition under friendly terms. Reverse acquisition A private company takes over a public company. Back flip acquisition- A very rare case of acquisition in which, the purchasing company becomes a subsidiary of the purchased company. Hostile acquisition Here, as the name suggests, the entire process is done by force. Motives for Mergers Acquisitions Economies of large scale business large scale business organization enjoys both internal and external economies. Elimination of competition It eliminates severe, intense and wasteful expenditure by different competing organizations. Desire to enjoy monopoly power MA leads to monopolistic control in the market. Adoption of modern technology corporate organization requires large resources Lack of technical and managerial talent Industrialization, scarcity of entrepreneurial, managerial and technical talent Creation of Synergies The financial benefit that two companies may derive from a merger or acquisition is called synergy. The synergistic effect may also refer to the cost reduction a merger brings about by eliminating or streamlining redundant processes. Different types of Synergies enjoyed through MA Management Synergy Management synergy refers that the companies use its extensive and efficient management resources through new permutations and combinations after MA to improve the existing management and finally increase the revenue. Operating Synergy Operating synergy refers to the improvement of production and operation efficiency of enterprises which caused by economies of scale and economy of scope after MA. Financial Synergy Financial synergy refers to the financial benefits generated by MA transaction. It is a net cash flow on benefits which are caused by tax laws, accounting standards and other provisions of the securities and exchange. Production Synergy Two companies that merge may be able to produce more revenue than either one could produce independently by combining the most efficient processes each brings to the merger. Risks Analysis of the Realization of Synergistic Effect The risks of the realization of synergistic effect refers to the uncertainty of the increment of corporation value and the performance of strategic MA. Such risks always exist throughout the whole process of synergistic effect realization. From the view of the root causes of the risks, such risks can be divided into internal risks and external risks Internal Risks Internal risks mainly refer to the synergistic effect of risks which is caused by MA transactions and integration. Synergistic effect of internal risks mainly includes financial risk integration risk anti-MA risk principal-agent risk asymmetric information risk 1) Financial risk. MA often requires large amounts of capital, how to raise funds in short term is very important. Companies can use cash, stock or debt financing for the MA. Either way, there are great risks. If companies use cash to complete the MA, there will have the following short-comings: first of all, a one-time large amount of cash outflow for MA will cause intense pressure on the production and management of the enterprise. Second, the trade size will be restricted by the ability to obtain cash and lead to the failure of a large-scale MA. Moreover, the merged side may not like cash payment, because they cannot get the new company’s equity, this situation will also lead to MA risks. 2) Integration risk. According to a survey on the failure of MA, about 80% of MA failures are caused by enterprise integration failures. The MA integration risk is manifested mainly in the following three aspects: first, production and technology cannot achieve the expected synergy after MA. For example, the MA side usually wants to implement diversification through MA so as to enter new areas, when the growth of the new areas are faced with obstacles, it often makes MA activities in trouble. Second, the integration of personnel, institution and culture after MA. If the enterprise cannot make effective integration according to the designed MA plan, this will lead to the conflict of personnel, institution and cultural be-tween new and old enterprises and resulting in internal friction. Third, the impact of MA on business relationships, such as the impact on customers and suppliers. MA might cause deterioration in external business relationship and lose some customers and suppliers, thus lead to the increa se of enterprise’s operating costs and reduction its profitability. 3) Anti-MA risk Under normal circumstances, the merged enterprise’s attitude of MA is uncooperative. Because the merged enterprises are usually inferior enterprises, they will find ways to stop MA. Such practices will greatly increase the MA risks. In addition, under the modern corporate governance structure, a successful MA must first be accepted by enterprise management, then adopted by the board of directors in the enterprise, at last obtain the consent of the large, small and medium-sized investors. 4) Principal-agent risk For pursuing business expansion, the senior executives with information superiority might ignore the interests of shareholders to meet the needs of their individual fame and fortune. The â€Å"out of control† risk of principal-agent relationship in MA decision is very dangerous. In a company, the relationship between its manager and corporate owners is principal-agent relationship. The company management might pursuit company expansion for their own interests to show their performance. They have information superiority and might agree on the unreasonable terms of the target company without considering its own financial and operating conditions. This conduct will increase the realization cost of synergy and reduced synergy benefits. 5) Asymmetric information risk In the market mechanism of incomplete competition, the problem of information asymmetry is quite general. During the course of strong company’s acquisition of target company, the target company’s executives might conceal the facts such as enterprise’s hidden losses of contingent liability and the true value of patents to achieve their private intentions. They might also collude with the agency or the insider of the strong enterprise to make false information so that the policy makers of the merging side might make wrong decisions. External Risks As synergistic effect is based on certain of development strategy and the formulation of such a development strategy is based on external environment, therefore, the changes in external environment not only affects the enterprise’s development strategy, but also cause the deviation from the expected synergies. The external risks of synergistic effect mainly include policy risk legal risk industrial risk. 1) Policy risk. Policy risk refers to the synergy risk which caused by the adjustment of national economic policies. The government develops special policies to protect the vested interests of government and â€Å"special groups† or uses administrative means to arbitrarily change its policy to destroy the normal order of market competition, such behavior would increase the risk of synergy. 2) Legal risk. Legal risk mainly lies in the following three aspects. The first is the provisions of anti-monopoly law. Most of western countries developed a series of anti-monopoly laws to safeguard fair competition. The second is the specific provisions of MA in the law. For instance, according to the correlated laws, if the acquirer holds 5% of a listed company’s shares, it must notice and suspend trading, for each 2% subsequent increment, it is necessary to repeat the process, if holding 30% of the shares, it must launch a comprehensive tender offer. This provision leads to great increase of the acquisition costs and MA risk. Thirdly, during the course of MA, as laws and regulations are incomplete, the conduct of company cannot be guided correctly, thus result in the increase of MA risk. 3) Industrial risk. Industry risk refers to the uncertainty of the industry prospects caused by the changes of country’s economic situation and industrial policy, which might influence the enterprise development strategy. In the process of MA decision-making, many enterprises sink into woeful situation because they are not familiar with the new industry they wish to enter or without a accurate grasp of the industry prospects. The â€Å"big diving† of e-commerce enterprises in the last two years are good examples. Conclusion Bibliography http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/essentials/economies_scale_scope.htm http://www.tutor2u.net/business/gcse/downloads/production_economies_of_scale.pdf www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=4385 Pindyck, Rubinfield, Mehta, MicroEconomics, 7th Edition, Pearson

High Cholesterol :: Health, Dementia, Alzheimers Disease

Evidence is increasing concerning an association among vascular risk factors in midlife with an increased risk of both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia decades later (citation). Diverse studies have found total cholesterol measured in midlife to be a significant predictor of subsequent dementia (Whitmer et al., 2005), mild cognitive impairment (Kalmijn et al., 2000) or cognitive decline (Kivipelto et al., 2001). Total cholesterol on midlife was also associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in some studies (Kivipelto et al., 2001) and especially with concomitant hypertension (Beeri et al., 2009). Meanwhile, the exact mechanism of high blood cholesterol in dementia is not known, because cholesterol is not able to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (Bojanic et al., 2010). Beyond that, observational studies have yielded mix results for lipids levels and cerebrovascular disease risk (Bowman et al., 2003). Of interest, lipid abnormalities have been also implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (Demchuk et al., 1999; Goldstein, 2007). Stroke contributes to the development of cognitive disorders in nearly 20% of elderly patients (citation). Stroke related features such as multiple strokes, white matter lesions, left hemisphere infarct location, atrophy, and volume of infarcted tissue are associated with an increased risk of post-stroke dementia (Rasquin et al., 2004). Nevertheless, even though a decrease in cholesterol concentrations with statins can reduce the incidence of stroke in high-risk populations and in patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack (Amarenco et al., 2006), serum cholesterol traditionally has been considered a poor predictor of total stroke risk (Ansell, 2000) and epidemiological evidence has failed to demonstrated a clear relationship between the risk of stroke and serum cholesterol levels (citation). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early dementia (Petersen and Negash, 2008). MCI is defined as memory deficits with preservation of other cognitive and functional brain activities (Nestor et al., 2004). However, whether the MCI results from neuronal loss within circuit-specific pathways involved in learning and memory (Verkhratsky et al., 2004) and/or from cerebrovascular deregulation within these pathways (Iodecola et al., 2004) remain debatable. The aim of the current study was to determine whether a cognitive impairment associated with elevated plasma cholesterol levels over aging is related with structural pathology or white matter disease (vascular lesions?

Essay --

Resource Description Framework (RDF) RDF stands for Resource description framework. We can define RDF as â€Å"RDF is a model/standard with the help of which we can define resources on the web†. The common people don’t understand RDF. It is developed to understand and read by computer.RDF is a base for managing metadata. With the help of RDF, we can exchange information between applications, operating systems, and computers on the internet. We can define any information of different web pages with the help of RDF. History of RDF There are different forefathers of RDF. The first who defined RDF was MCF a project started by Ramanthan V.Guha at apple computer between 1995 and 1997.he left the apple computer and joins Netscape and start working with Tim Brey on MCF to employ XML to produce first version of RDF. In 1999, RDF was defined by W3C to create RDF Data model by using XML.In2004, work on RDF is continued and produces a group of related specification. The W3C continued to work on RDF data model defined in 1999 and continue to develop new and improved specifications.W3C arrange a workshop in 2010 to discuss with their members the changes and improvements in RDF. RDF Definitions Microsoft The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language that is used to represent information about Web resources. RDF is intended for situations in which this information is processed by applications, rather than being displayed to users. RDF provides a common framework for expressing this information so that it can be exchanged between applications without loss of meaning. Since it is a common framework, application designers can take advantage of the availability of common RDF parsers and processing tools. The ability to exchange information betw... ...eloped under the auspices of the World Wide Consortium (W3C).A certain amount of metadata is already provided for Web site resources using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). RDF Data Model We can represent RDF data model with the help of 3 types of object †¢ Resource †¢ Property †¢ Statement Resources A resource can be anything or object that can be represented by uniform resource identifier. Resources contain properties like attributes or characteristics. Resource may be a picture, document, or paragraph on the internet. Property Property is used to describe resources that contain a name, relation, attribute and character of any object. Property Value Is the value of a property. A property value can be a resource. Statement A statement is a collaboration of a resource, property and property value. Properties of different resources can be explained by statements.

Feminism of Poverty Essay

The feminism of poverty can be described as a movement in political, economic and social equality for women, and is closely related to Liberalism. Feminism sees discrimination as a distinction of unequal treatment from all social, political and economic access for women. Feminism of poverty reaches all women, Black, White, Asian or English. It has been around since the beginning of time. Women have taken the role of mother, maid, cook and lover. They did not have the right to vote, own property nor work. It was not until 1848, when women demanded the enfranchisement for the ballot (vote), became vociferous. In 1869 2when Black men were given the vote in the 15th Amendment, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton refused to endorse the amendment, because it did not give women the vote and to become equal to their counter parts. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm Even back then women were reduced to mere servants and those that did not have a family or husband lived in poverty both black and white. Women suffrage and poverty did not only exist here in the United States, these social political and economic inequalities were felt around the world; Such as in Great Britain, Europe, Finland and Africa, other third world countries also had social issues pertaining to poverty. Those most likely to live in poverty in the U.S. are women and children. This is referred to as the feminization of poverty; increasingly the poor included unwed mothers, separated and divorced mothers, serving as the head of households (Basirico, et al, 2010). It is Known that women are much more likely to be poor than men, and that the impact of fiscal policy on the distribution of income is the main reason that women in the U.S. are more likely to be poor than women in other countries www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty In the United States, in many communities there are individuals who live in poverty and cannot take care of themselves and their children especially women. So they become homeless living in shelters, cars, cardboard boxes, live on the streets, sleep on park benches, doorways or in major cities they may sleep in subways, because they have no income to support themselves. For example women have become prostitutes and shoplifters in order to feed themselves and their family/families. Of the adult poor who do not, about forty percent work at jobs that pay so little that they fall below the poverty line and one-third of their children are poor also. Because they do not have viable jobs they cannot support their children or themselves, so they are still under the umbrella of the feminism of poverty. From 1951-2008 of the women who worked in the U.S. their pay gap was 64-71 cents for every dollar earned by men http://www.infoplease.com Women have fought for equal pay & rights since 1848, and as of 2009, 30 percent of women who are heads of families with no husband present have income below the poverty line. Demographics have shown that these individuals are the most likely group to be chronically poor. The U.S. Census, Labor and the Economics Statistics of the Department of commerce shows in a study that the trends and conditions of women( two to three tim es)are still lower than men and the feminism of poverty is still a growing concern today as of March 2011 (Basirico, et al, 2010). With these continued disparities we will continue to be faced with the Feminism of poverty, because society has turned a deaf ear on the issues of women and children, they look the other way when it comes to providing for those within their own country, but they are quick to jump on the band wagon in the plight for other countries. We as a society have our priorities mixed up; if we are rich the attitude is according to Newt Gingrich â€Å"I don’t care about the poor†. If we are middle class we have the mentality that I’m just surviving myself. And if we are already poor we have the tendency to share. The same can be said about the church every Sunday we go to church and take up a benevolence offering to help the poor and when they need help in most cases they are turned away. The church is supposed to help those in need through the giving of food, shelter, clothes and money. But we have become so modernized and have forgotten to obey God’s laws that we ha ve lost sight of the word give. From the many issues that involve the feminism of poverty the best theory that applies to this particular issue is the conflict theory a social theory that views conflict as inevitable and natural and as a significant cause of social change (Basirico, et al, 2012). The feminism of poverty relates to the two classes that Marx saw those who own the means of product (rich) and those who provide the labor (poor), in an economic system that supports inequality, the exploited eventually revolt. Women were submissive for so long that they began to demand equal rights just as their counter part and black’s had. They had a need to become their own person, but throughout history even though they made progress they still were under played, poor and were listed as most likely to remain that way as they are today. In the scope of feminism of poverty it can be said that society is ion a state of constant change. Male against female and workers against employer, those that have power, wealth and prestige will always be in conflict with others (poor) that do not. Because there are limited commodities and demand exceeds the supply, those that are in control of those desirable goods, services and resources will defend and protect their interest. Those who are poor and living in poverty especially (women & children) are a threat to the rich and middle class. So they are suppressed through the lack of jobs, education, money, welfare and healthcare. Women social status of wages disparities, ownership (men) and motherhood result from degradation and exploitation by men and eventually is/was a cause of the feminism of poverty. If our society (government) do not put in place laws that will protect, serve and help our women and children who live in poverty. Though more workforce programs, jobs, healthcare and education we will eventually become as other third world countries. If Canada can do this why can’t we the riches country in the world do so? Reference Basirico, L.A., Cashion, B.J. & Eshleman, J.R. (2012). Introduction to Sociology. (5th ed). Redding, CA http://www.infoplease.com/html http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffarge/history.htm www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty